The Impact of Overeducating on the Labor Market in Korea

본 연구에서는 직종과 학력간의 불일치 문제만을 대상으로 하고 있으며 직종과 전공간의 불일치 문제는 언급하지 않는다. 전공과 직업간의 일치문제는 동일한 학력에서도 발생할 수 있기 때문이다. 예를 들면 어느 직종에서 요구하는 학력이 대졸이면서 컴퓨터 관련 업무라면 같은 동일학력의 인문계 졸업생의 경우는 전공불일치 문제를 야기할 수 있기 때문이며 이에 따라서 노동력 수급불균형문제가 야기될 수도 있다. 따라서 이 문제는 후속연구로 넘기고자 한다.The purpose of this study is to analyse the current status of overeducation, and to verify the social inefficiency by job mismatch. Also, we intended to make policy suggestions based on the analysis of this study. In this study, we adapted three different methods. First, we used objective methods to grasp the current status of job mismatch. We merged the 「Occupational Workers Survey」 with 「Occupational Dictionary」 by occupation group, so that we could get the information on the degree of job match in Korea. Second, we performed firm survey to investigate firms' behavior for overeducated workers. Third, we performed empirical study to verify the impact overeducation on the labor market in Korea. Employment elasticity by school attainment in Korea shows that more educated workers have higher employment elasticity, which means higher educated person have greater chance to be employed due to the economic growth. The employment rate by school attainment is higher for the more educated workers. It is analysed that this trend has been formed by the demand side cause as well as by the supply side cause. In the demand side, Korea economy has been experienced rapid change of industrial structure to the more advanced one, so that more educated workers have been needed for sustainable economic growth. In the supply side, education policy in '1980's has led the oversupply of university and college graduates. Those two factors have led the overeducation in Korea, and higher employment rate of higher educated person. The ratio of overeducation is revealed as 35.5%, just-education as 45.0%, and under-education as 19.5%, which shows consistent results with previous studies. And also, it is calculated that more than 4 trillion won is wasting annually due to the mismatch. Several policy implications are suggested as follows; First, Vitalization of internal labor market is desirable. More in-plant training have to be encouraged, and job transfer within firm should be utilized. Second, recruit system should be changed. The collective recruit system mainly in large firms in Korea has been a major cause of producing overeducation. More flexible recruit system can reduce inefficiency from job mismatch. Third, flexible labor supply of higher educated workers is necessary. This means that the quantity and quality of graduates from education market should correspond to the demand of labor market.연구요약 I. 서 론 1 II. 학력별 노동시장과 학력불일치 5 1. 학력별 노동시장의 특성 5 2. 학력불일치 개관 16 III. 우리 나라 학력과잉의 실태 21 1. 학력과잉의 정의와 원인 21 2. 선행연구 분석 28 3. 분석방법 32 4. 우리 나라 학력과잉의 실태 36 5. 실증분석 55 6. 기업체 실태조사 64 IV. 결론 및 정책적 함의 69 참 고 문 헌 75 Abstract 7