DoctorAlthough extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1/2) activity is generally associated with cell survival, unusually sustained ERK activation causes its nuclear translocation and contributes to neuronal cell death via transcriptional regulation of proapoptotic proteins. Excitotoxicity caused by excessive activation of glutamate receptors, impairment of intracellular calcium homeostasis, increased reactive oxygen species, persistent ERK activation, and protein aggregation are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the endogenous protective mechanisms against neurodegeneration are poorly understood. In this thesis, I identified vaccinia-related kinase 3 (VRK3)-med...