労働者階級と3Rs : イギリス公教育制度成立期の労働者階級の状態(一)

Educational Reform has been discussed in many countries in which Japan is one of them. Japan seems to need it most urgently, for many people in Japan notice that there are critical situations around children in school, for example, sexual abuse, corporal or mental punishment, school violence and so forth. When one seeks educational reform in Japan, she/he might follow the theory of educational right. This theory distinguishes between education and educational administration, which based on teachers' freedom of instruction. But it tends to ignore the right of parents, because it defines not the relation between parents and school but the relation between state and education. In this series of articles, the conditions of the working classes in Victorian England are main subject. There are two main purpose. One is to define the role of school in society and the parental expectation for school at that time. The other is to examine school culture. Recently school culture theory is one of the most popular topics in England. School culture in Victorian era was represented by 3Rs. 3Rs must be examined in social context