Recent evolution of bat populations in Rhone-Alpes : a synthesis The Chiroptera include 34 species in France. As a result of their nocturnal habits, these mammals have only lately been studied. Indeed, there were few chiropterologists until the mid-20th century. Throughout the second half of the century the number of specialists has increased considerably and the techniques of studies of bats widely developed and diversified. This article is an attempt to synthesise information on the evolution of the bat populations in Rhone-Alpes. We can distinguish two different periods : i - during the 50's and 60's bat populations collapsed in France, probably as a result of human activity (changes in agricultural practices, urbanisation, transport, ...