Before the early twentieth century anticlerical offensive, congregations used to supervise catholic primary education. Bishops then used to attach little importance to schooling. For them the real problem was lying in the family, no longer Christian enough. But the anticongregationist politics, the secularizing offensive and mostly the Separation between the Church and the State (1901-1906) forced the episcopate into considering school as a masterpiece of the pastoral. Bishops had to take hold of catholic schools by creating everywhere diocesan education boards. Besides, the Vatican managed to force the episcopate into an uncompromising attitude towards secularized schools through the 1909 proclamation reproving the principle of laity. That...
The laws of 1901 and 1904, which prohibited the friars and nuns any teaching, brought about a very s...
The laws of 1901 and 1904, which prohibited the friars and nuns any teaching, brought about a very s...
Schooling became an affair of state during the first half of the nineteenth century, as administrati...
Before the early twentieth century anticlerical offensive, congregations used to supervise catholic ...
The anticlerical laws in the eighties of the XlXth century compelled religious orders to retire to d...
In France, during the interwar period, Catholics ceaselessly claimed public financial support for th...
International audienceDuring the interwar period the School Proportional Allocation (répartition pro...
International audienceDuring the interwar period the School Proportional Allocation (répartition pro...
International audienceDuring the interwar period the School Proportional Allocation (répartition pro...
The whole nineteenth century has been landmarked in France with school conflicts which reached a cli...
After taking control in 1878 the Belgian liberals passed a new constitutional law about primary scho...
The 1882-1886 school laws secularizing at first the syllabus and then the very personnel of primary ...
Dans la France de l'entre-deux-guerres, les catholiques ne cessent de revendiquer une prise en charg...
The 1882-1886 school laws secularizing at first the syllabus and then the very personnel of primary ...
Clashes between "clericalists" and "anticlericalists" become more and more numerous in Anjou after t...
The laws of 1901 and 1904, which prohibited the friars and nuns any teaching, brought about a very s...
The laws of 1901 and 1904, which prohibited the friars and nuns any teaching, brought about a very s...
Schooling became an affair of state during the first half of the nineteenth century, as administrati...
Before the early twentieth century anticlerical offensive, congregations used to supervise catholic ...
The anticlerical laws in the eighties of the XlXth century compelled religious orders to retire to d...
In France, during the interwar period, Catholics ceaselessly claimed public financial support for th...
International audienceDuring the interwar period the School Proportional Allocation (répartition pro...
International audienceDuring the interwar period the School Proportional Allocation (répartition pro...
International audienceDuring the interwar period the School Proportional Allocation (répartition pro...
The whole nineteenth century has been landmarked in France with school conflicts which reached a cli...
After taking control in 1878 the Belgian liberals passed a new constitutional law about primary scho...
The 1882-1886 school laws secularizing at first the syllabus and then the very personnel of primary ...
Dans la France de l'entre-deux-guerres, les catholiques ne cessent de revendiquer une prise en charg...
The 1882-1886 school laws secularizing at first the syllabus and then the very personnel of primary ...
Clashes between "clericalists" and "anticlericalists" become more and more numerous in Anjou after t...
The laws of 1901 and 1904, which prohibited the friars and nuns any teaching, brought about a very s...
The laws of 1901 and 1904, which prohibited the friars and nuns any teaching, brought about a very s...
Schooling became an affair of state during the first half of the nineteenth century, as administrati...