Soviet emigration: premises and unknown factors Anatoli Vichnevski and Jeanne Zayontchkovskaia One can distinguish three main waves of Soviet emigration between 1917 and 1990 : the first two correspond to the consequences of the 1917 revolution and the two world wars. A third, labelled « ethnic », concerns the last decades. It consists of representatives of minority nationalities dissatisfied with their status who are seeking either their original homeland or integration into a strong Diaspora abroad. Since 1988, the situation has modified. A recent freedom of movement has vastly increased the tide of emigration, mainly directed to Israel and Germany. For the most part, the emigrants come from large towns in Russia, the Ukraine and Kazakhst...