In the 1980s, confronted with the emergence of global environmental problems, new practices have highlighted the question of how to reconcile the attainment of economic goals with environmental protection. Firms play a fundamental role through the endogenisation of technological change, within the perspective of implementing win-win strategies. We question the role of environmental technological innovation and the conditions of their implementation. However, allowing competition among firms to become the only factor determining environmental strategies could possibly lead to lock-in situations, where technological and social options have been chosen, which may in the long term be non-sustainable. It is for this underlying reason that we int...