Experimental study on erosion and sedimentation patterns downstream of a W-weir in a sinusoidal mild bend

Erosion in river bends causes loss of agricultural lands, adjacent facilities, and fish habitat. W-weir structures are recommended for controlling and reducing soil erosion as well as developing habitat for fish and other aquatic organisms. This paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out to investigate the effect of a W-weir structure on a sinusoidal channel with a sinuosity of 1.12 on the scour volume and type. The W-weir was applied in three heights (0.5, 1, and 1.5) with Ho/h ratio (the height of weir to flow depth ratio) and different hydraulic conditions (inflow Froude numbers 0.107, 0.142, and 0.178) tested for each structure. Bed topography was measured at the end of each experiment, and from that the types of scouring, maximum scour depth and length, as well as maximum ripple height and length were computed. Furthermore, by decreasing the height of W-weir from Ho/h = 1.5 to Ho/h = 0.5, the scour volume decreased from 24 to 78 percent on average for different inflow Froude numbers. The angle of inner arms of W-weir was chosen as 50°, 64°, 86°, and 124°. Minimum scour volume occurred in the angle of inner arms of w-weir 64° for different heights of W-weir tested. Finally, two scour morphologies were observed. This study provides insights to guide and design W-weir structures for river restoration project