A City of Suspicion. The Mirror of the Oligarchical Revolutions in the Athenian Orators (5th and 4th centuries BC) The Athenian oligarchies of 411 and of 404/3 are treated with distrust by Attic orators. They are shown as being the result of mutual doubts between citizens and as introducing a climate of generalized suspicion. Such a representation is not the description of the historical events, but an elaborated discourse aimed at ‘reinventing’ Athens after the Peloponnesian War crisis. The oligarchs play the role of the mirror of democracy, where trust rules and justice is enforced. It highlights the importance of the witnesses’ liability in the Athenian trials: judges accept as true a testimony only because the witness can be sued for pe...