The project of this article is to specify and to develop -from a didactic point of view-a frame of analysis of the professional skills of the teachers and to try the relevance in two school disciplines : French and physical and sports education (P. S. E.) As symbolic object structuring the “ milieu didactique”, the interactive language is differently analyzed in both disciplines. Beyond the character heuristics of the frame of analysis put in the test, the results advance the generic and specific aspects of the structural and dynamic dimensions of the professional skills of the observed novice teachers.Le projet de cet article est de spécifier et de développer -d’un point de vue didactique-un cadre d’analyse des compétences professionnelles...