Loss of results in increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis at a late stage of retinogenesis

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "functions through to negatively regulate cell number in the developing retina"</p><p>http://www.neuraldevelopment.com/content/2/1/11</p><p>Neural Development 2007;2():11-11.</p><p>Published online 8 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1913510.</p><p></p> BrdU labeling (red) of E18.5 wild-type and explants cultured 4DIV (a,b) or 6DIV (c,d). Arrowheads in (d) mark ectopic proliferating cells. Percentage of BrdUnuclei in wild-type (black bar; E13.5: 2,824 BrdU/8,235 DAPI; E16.5: 2,234 BrdU/10,663 DAPI; E18.5: 2,859 BrdU/27,380 DAPI; E18.5→2DIV: 4,371 BrdU/54,554 DAPI; E18.5→4DIV: 988 BrdU/55,300 DAPI; E18.5→6DIV: 0 in 9 fields) and retinae (grey bars; E13.5: 3,555 BrdU/10,413 DAPI; E16.5: 3,369 BrdU/15,707 DAPI; E18.5: 2,212 BrdU/17,642 DAPI; E18.5→2DIV: 3,298 BrdU/35,085 DAPI; E18.5→4DIV: 3,474 BrdU/97,499 DAPI; E18.5→6DIV: 54 BrdU/11,618 DAPI). BrdU-labeling indices of individual wild-type (squares) and (triangles) E18.5→4DIV retinal explants. E18.5→4DIV wild-type (g) and (h) retinal explants labeled with CcnD1 (red). Percentage of Ccdn1cells in wild-type (black bar; 2,480 CcnD1/21,329 DAPI) and without aberrant proliferation (grey bar; 3,156 CcnD1/26,328 DAPI) and with a proliferative phenotype (w/φ; white bar; 3,266 CcnD1/18,709 DAPI) at 4DIV. Ccnd1-labeling indices of individual wild-type (squares) and (triangles) E18.5→4DIV retinal explants. E18.5→4DIV wild-type (k) and (l) retinal explants labeled with pHH3 (red). Apical (Ap) to basal (Ba) ratio of pHH3cells in wild-type (black bar; 808 ap:791 ba pHH3) and without (grey bar; 971 ap:796 ba pHH3) and with (w/φ; white bar; 1,012 ap:480 ba pHH3) a proliferative phenotype at 4DIV. Ap:Ba ratios of pHH3cells in individual wild-type (squares) and (triangles) E18.5→4DIV retinal explants. Active caspase-3 (Ac-3) expression (red) in wild-type and E18.5→4DIV explants. Blue is DAPI counterstain. Percentage of apoptotic cells in the total population of wild-type (black bars; E18.5: 71 ac-3/18,341 DAPI; E18.5→2DIV: 532 ac-3/14,995 DAPI; E18.5→4DIV: 1,266 ac-3/27,321 DAPI; E18.5→8DIV: 294 ac-3/10,209 DAPI) and (white bars; E18.5: 67 ac-3/13,768 DAPI; E18.5→2DIV: 457 ac-3/13,195 DAPI; E18.5→4DIV: 488 ac-3/24,077 DAPI; E18.5→8DIV: 212 ac-3/14,377 DAPI) retinae. Distribution of individual wild-type (squares) and (triangles) ac-3-labeling indices at 4DIV