Significant neuroinflammation in MPS cerebral cortex at 4 and 9 months of age.

<p>Representative sections of positively stained (A) astrocytes (GFAP; brown) and (C) microglia (Isolectin B4:brown) at 4 and 9 months of age (4 m and 9 m) that correspond to a high power view covering cortical layer IV (from section 2a, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0035787#pone-0035787-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1A</a>). Boxed inserts show an enlarged single positively stained astrocyte or microglial cell. Sections were counterstained with Mayer's haematoxylin to highlight the nuclei. Bar = 100 µm. Whole fields of view used for counting are shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0035787#pone.0035787.s002" target="_blank">Figures S2</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0035787#pone.0035787.s003" target="_blank">S3</a>. Four sections of brain were stained concurrently with either GFAP or Isolectin B4, and images of two low power fields of view covering cortical layers II/III–VI (boxed areas, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0035787#pone-0035787-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1A</a>) were captured from each section. The number of GFAP or Isolectin B4 positive cells in these areas were counted using ImageJ and expressed as an average number of cells per section (B and D respectively; n = 3 mice per group). Error bars represent the SEM and p values are from two way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test. Significant overall genotype differences are denoted by thick black lines. Individual genotype*time differences are shown by thin green lines. The significant individual genotype*time differences (p<0.001) between all MPSs and WT at each time point are not shown for clarity. (E) Low power plans (×2.5 objective) showing 4 representative brain sections from WT and MPS IIIA mice stained with Isolectin B4. Sections from MPSI and MPSIIIB are not shown but are virtually identical in distribution and intensity. Bar = 100 µm.