PPARβ/δ activation affects growth and survival of non-small cell lung cancer cells.

<p>(<b>A</b>) H441, H358 and A549 cells were incubated with cPGI₂ in serum-free medium and cell viability was assessed after 72 h with MTT assay. *P<0.01 relative to control cells. (<b>B</b>) Cells were incubated with L165041 as above. *P<0.01 relative to control cells. (<b>C</b>) Cells were incubated with cPGI₂ (10 µM) for 24 h and analyzed by flow cytometry. <i>Top panel</i>, representative flow cytometric profile of H358 cells incubated with and without cPGI₂. <i>Bottom panel</i>, cell cycle distribution in cells after 24 h incubation with and without cPGI₂. The increase in S phase cells in H441 and H358 cells determined in triplicate experiments was statistically significant (P<0.01). (<b>D</b>) H441 cells were transfected with siRNA for PPARβ/δ and GL3 and cell viability was determined after 72 h with MTT. *P<0.01 relative to control cells. (<b>E</b>) H358 cells transfected with PPARβ/δ siRNA and GL3 were stained with annexin V and propidium iodide and analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentage of annexin V positive cells (apoptotic cells) is indicated in each panel. P<0.05. (<b>F</b>) H358 cells were transfected with siRNA for PPARβ/δ and GL3, lysed and analyzed by immunoblotting with a caspase-3 antibody. *P<0.01.