Calculating new frequencies of gametes (simplified example for the 2-locus case).

<p>Columns 1–2: possible genotypes, two columns represent first and second chromatid. Third column: frequencies of different genotypes after selection. Columns 4–7: possible gametes generated by one genotype when there is no crossing-over (probability: 1−<i>κ</i>) and when the crossing-over takes place (probability: <i>κ</i>). Each genotype and gamete is represented as a bit string, where 1 denotes mutated locus and 0 not mutated one. Last four columns: conditional frequencies of occurrence of different gametes generated by one genotype. There are four different types of gametes: {00}, {01}, {10} and {11}. The frequency of each type of gametes is calculated as a sum of all conditional frequencies for a specified gamete and divided by 2, e.g., for gamete {00} (bold and underline) : F₀₀ = [(1−<i>κ</i>)<i>f</i>₁ + (1−<i>κ</i>)<i>f</i>₁ + <i>κ f</i>₁ + <i>κ f</i>₁ + (1−<i>κ</i>)<i>f</i>₂ + <i>κ f</i>₂ + (1−<i>κ</i>)<i>f</i>₃ + <i>κ f</i>₃ + (1−<i>κ</i>)<i>f</i>₄ + (1−<i>κ</i>)<i>f</i>₅ + <i>κ f</i>₅ + <i>κ f</i>₇ + (1−<i>κ</i>)<i>f</i>₉ + <i>κ f</i>₉ + <i>κ f</i>₁₀ + (1−<i>κ</i>)<i>f</i>₁₃] / 2.