Expression of stress –related transcripts in parasite exposed juvenile resistant BS-90 snails followed by heat-pulse treatment for various time points (0–120 min).

<p>(<b>A</b>) Real time qPCR analysis of the fold difference in expression of transcripts corresponding to Hsp 70, Hsp 90, and RT in either normal BS-90 resistant snails, exposed snails, or those that were first exposed to <i>S. mansoni</i> before being subjected to heat-pulse at 32°C for various time points (15–120 mins). These data were pooled from 10 biological replicates of 5 independent experiments. Note the lack of up-regulation of all transcripts in snails that were exposed and then subsequently kept at 32°C. The asterisk* denotes significant upregulation of one of the transcripts, RT, by Student <i>t</i>-test with <i>P-value</i><0.05 (N = 50). (<b>B</b>) Results showing 100% shedding of cercariae from susceptible NMRI snails after 7 weeks PE to <i>S. mansoni</i> miracidia compared to similarly exposed normal BS-90 snails, or those that were exposed before being subjected to heat pulse treatment at 32°C. It is clear that no cercariae were shed from BS-90 snails in either of these two groups. These data were from 5 biological replicates.