PB1-F2 N66S further enhances NS1 mediated IFN antagonism in an overexpression system.

<p>(A) 293T cells were transfected with IFN-β reporter, renilla reporter, RIG-I N expression plasmid and the indicated combination of expression plasmids. Twenty-four hours post transfection, luciferase and renilla signals were determined by luminometry. In addition, Western blot analyses were applied to determine protein expression levels from cell extracts. (B) Primary human dendritic cells were co-infected with the indicated combination of recombinant NDV viruses at an MOI of 1 per virus. RNA was harvested and subjected to qRT-PCR 14 hpi. All data represent means ± standard deviations of one representative experiment (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined using Student's <i>t</i> test. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001. Statistical significance is relative to NS1+pCAGGS and NDV-NS1+NDV-GFP. Data presented in A are representatives of two independent experiments and data in B are representatives of three independent experiments performed in different donors.