PB1-F2 inhibits IFN induction at the level of MAVS.

<p>(A–E). 293T cells were transfected with an IFN-β reporter, a renilla reporter and one of the following to induce the IFN-β reporter: MAVS-HA (A), IKKε-FLAG (B), TBK1-FLAG (C), IRF3-5D (D) or TRIF-FLAG (E) expression plasmids. Also, pCAGGS, expression plasmids for PB1-F2 WT or N66S or a positive control (NS1 or VP35) were transfected. Twenty-four hours post transfection, lysates were harvested for luminometry and Western blot analyses. The unit on the y-axis indicates fold induction over Mock. All data represent means ± standard deviations of one representative experiment (n = 3). Statistical significance was determined using Student's <i>t</i> test. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001. All data shown are representatives of at least two independent experiments.