Differential Regulation of <i>Shigella</i>-Induced Autophagy by Ipaf and ASC

<div><p>GFP-LC3-expressing Ipaf-deficient or ASC-deficient BMMs were infected with <i>Shigella</i> WT or TTSS mutant.</p><p>(A) At 30 min after infection, the infected cells were immunostainted with Cy5-labeled anti-<i>Shigella</i> LPS antibody (colored red) and examined using a confocal microscope. The merged image with Cy5 bacteria and GFP fluorescence, and differential interference contrast (DIC) were also shown. Scale bars = 10 μm.</p><p>(B) GFP-LC3-associated intracellular bacteria were quantified. Error bars represent mean ± SD.</p>