Relative abundance of fecal CTB-specific IgA at 14 days following the final/only immunization via the intranasal (IN), subcutaneous (SC), or intraperitoneal (IP) route.

<p>For each fecal extract, the relative abundance of CTB-specific IgA is expressed as a percentage of the total IgA in that fecal extract. Each symbol represents an individual mouse, and horizontal bars represent the geometric mean for that group (<i>n</i> = 5). Statistical differences between groups were analyzed using ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post-test analysis (# P<0.001 versus all other groups).