UV-induced SEK1/JNK activation and c-Jun phosphorylation are inhibited by H(H₂O)_m treatment in HaCaT cells.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Cells were pre-treated with H(H₂O)_m for 15 min, then irradiated with UV and post-treated with H(H₂O)_m for 15 min in PBS. After incubation for 30 min, total cell lysates were prepared. Western blotting were performed using phospho-specific (p−) and total (T−) JNK, c-Jun, SEK1 and ERK antibodies. Level of β-actin was used as loading control. The bands are representative of results from three independent experiments. (<b>B</b>) Results are expressed as means ± SEM (n = 3), ** <i>p</i><0.01 versus the control, ^#<i>p</i><0.05 versus UV-irradiated cells. (<b>C</b>) Intracellular phospho-c-Jun levels in cells were visualized using a fluorescent microscope and the images presented are representative of the fluorescence levels observed in three separate experiments.