Metabolomic analysis revealed an alteration in the intermediates of glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and amino acids.

<p>Comprehensive metabolomic analysis revealed that levels of the upstream metabolites of phosphoglycerate mutase remained unchanged, while levels of the downstream metabolites, such as 2-phosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate, were increased. Lactate, the final metabolite of glycolysis, also remained unchanged. While metabolites of the first half of the TCA cycle, such as acetyl-CoA and cis-aconitate, were increased, those of the latter half, such as fumarate, were decreased (n = 5 for each group). The expressions of some genes involved in glycolysis and the TCA cycle, which are shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072173#pone-0072173-g004" target="_blank">Figure 4</a> or <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0072173#pone-0072173-g006" target="_blank">Figure 6</a>, are also presented.