TGFβ1 induces a rise in intracellular calcium which is inhibited by pharmacological blockade of K_Ca3.1.

<p>Upon stimulation with TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml) both NFC (n=4 donor, n=28 cells) and IPF (n=3 donors, n=33 cells) donors showed a significant rise in [Ca²⁺]i concentration as displayed the ratio 340/380 nm, <i>P</i><0.0001 for both, paired t-test. <b>b</b>) In IPF only (n=3 donors and n=19 cells), TRAM-34 (200 nM) was added 5 minutes prior to treatment with TGFβ1, which inhibited the rise in [Ca²⁺]i typically seen upon TGFβ1 stimulation. <b>c</b>) The difference in [Ca²⁺]i following the different treatments were calculated and TRAM-34 significantly decreased the change in [Ca²⁺]i, <i>P</i><0.0001, Mann Whitney t-test.