Determination of total ROS level (A) and lipid hydroperoxide (LPO; B) in the <i>ahpC</i> mutant, and reduced biofilm formation in the <i>ahpC</i> mutant by treatment with antioxidants (C).

<p>The assays were carried out with 24 h old samples. Antioxidants were treated to a final concentration of 1nM. The results show the means and standard deviations of a representative experiment with triplicate samples. The assays were repeated at least three times and similar results were reproducible in all the experiments. Statistical significance was analyzed with <i>t</i>-test (Fig. 3A and 3B) and two-way ANOVA (Fig. 3C). *<i>P</i>≤0.05, ****<i>P</i>≤0.0001.