TMP up-regulated mitochondrial biogenesis-related factors.

<p>The bEnd.3 and HUVEC cells were treated with Control (5.6 mmol/L glucose, CTR), High glucose (30 mmol/L, HG), Control+ TMP (30 µmol/L) and High glucose+TMP (30 µmol/L) for 48 hrs. Levels of PGC-1α expression were analyzed by Western blotting in bEnd.3 (<b>A</b> and <b>B</b>) and HUVEC cells (<b>C</b> and <b>D</b>). Representative blots (<b>A</b> and <b>C</b>) and quantification data (<b>B</b> and <b>D</b>) are shown. Levels of PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM mRNA were determined by quantitative RT-PCR in the treated bEnd.3 (<b>E</b>) and HUVEC (<b>F</b>). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 4). ^#<i>P</i><0.05 vs. Control; ^##<i>P</i><0.01 vs. Control; ^*<i>P</i><0.05 vs. High glucose; ^**<i>P</i><0.01 vs. High glucose.