Both endogenous IFN-γ and TNF-α are required for IL-1β production in mice infected with <i>P. chabaudi</i>.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Mice were challenged with 10 µg of LPS, at 7 days post-infection, and sera collected 9 hours later for cytokine measurements. These results are means + SEM of 10 animals from 2 independent experiments. Significant differences are <i>*p = 0.034</i> and <i>**p = 0.001</i> as indicated by the Mann-Whitney test. (<b>B</b>) Active caspase-1, membrane integrity and cell size were assessed in macrophages (CD11b⁺F4/80⁺) and DCs (CD11c⁺MHC-II⁺) by flow cytometry, employing the FLICA reagent, nuclei staining with 7AAD, and the shift on FSC axis, respectively. These results presented in figures are representative of 2 experiments. (<b>C</b>) Splenocytes lysates were obtained from mice at 7 days post-infection and used in Western blot analysis. A faint band of similar molecular weight of active caspase-1 that corresponds to IgG light chain is seen in the uninfected controls or infected IFN-γ^−/− mice. These results presented in figures are representative of 2 experiments. (<b>D</b>) Two hours after LPS-challenge, splenocytes lysates were harvested to evaluate expression of pro-IL-1β. These results are representative of 3 independent experiment that yielded similar results.