Selective stimulation of liver-derived cells by a TLR8 agonist.

<p><i>(A)</i> Pie charts depict the average proportion of different subsets of lymphocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells found in the liver (n = 6) and in the peripheral blood (n = 7) of healthy donors. <i>(B)</i> Mean±SD total concentration of cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17a and IL-10) in the supernatant after stimulation of purified lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood (n = 5) and liver (n = 9) with the indicated TLR agonist and anti-CD3/CD28-coupled beads. Unstimulated lymphocytes were used to determine the background levels and the background subtracted values are displayed. <i>(C)</i> Background subtracted Mean±SD concentrations of individual cytokines quantified in the supernatant of purified lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood (n = 5) or liver (n = 9) and stimulated with either TLR8, TLR7 or TLR4 agonist or anti-CD3/CD28-coupled beads. <i>(D)</i> Heatmap shows the background subtracted mean concentrations of IFN-γ in the supernatants of blood (n = 5) or liver- derived lymphocytes (n = 9) stimulated with the indicated TLR agonist. * and ** indicates P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively.