Effects of TLR3 and TLR4 on cytokine and chemokine secretion by hTMSCs.

<p>Secretion of cytokines and chemokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IP-10 (CXCL10), RANTES (CCL5), TNF-α, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ of hTMSCs after stimulation with TLR3 and TLR4 were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among them, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IP-10 (CXCL10), and RANTES (CCL5) were detectable with mean values of more than 1 ng/ml under standard culture conditions. LPS strongly induced expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IP-10 (CXCL10), RANTES (CCL5), TNF-α, and GM-CSF, while poly(I:C) did not affect the secretion of cytokines and chemokines.