<i>In vivo</i> G-CSF treatment enhances Aβ_1–42 degradation by activation of NEP.

<p>A–D, Fluorescent microscopic images of hippocampi from 12-month-old APP/PS1 Tg mice. A, PBS-injected APP/PS1 Tg mice. B, G-CSF–injected APP/PS1 Tg mice. C, Higher magnification image of the white-framed area in A. D, Higher magnification image of the white-framed area in B. Green, Aβ (4G8); blue, nucleus (Hoechst). Scale bar; 200 µm in A and B, 100 µm in C and D. E, ELISA data for NEP. Values are means ± SEM (n = 3). F, NEP enzymatic activity assay. G-CSF treatment enhanced NEP enzymatic activity in APP/PS1 Tg mouse brains, whereas NEP protein levels were not affected. *, <i>p</i><0.05. Values are means ± SEM (n = 3). G, ELISA data for human Aβ_1–40 in APP/PS1 Tg mouse brains. H, ELISA data for human Aβ_1–42 in APP/PS1 Tg mouse brains. G-CSF treatment significantly reduced Aβ_1–42 load, but not Aβ_1–40, in APP/PS1 Tg mice. *, <i>p</i><0.05. Values are means ± SEM (n = 3).