Activin/TGF-β pathway mutants exhibit defective synaptic activity.

<p>(A and A′) Representative traces and quantification of mEJPs of wild-type and Activin/TGF-β pathway mutants. Note that both the size and frequency of the mEJPs are decreased in <i>babo</i> and <i>smox</i> mutants. (B and B′) Representative traces and quantification of EJP in Activin/TGF-β pathway mutants. The mean peak amplitude is not affected by the <i>babo</i> and <i>smox</i> mutations. (C) Quantification of the quantal content. Note the increased quantal content in <i>babo^fd4/df</i> and <i>smox^f4</i> animals. (D) Distribution of resting membrane potentials. The <i>babo</i> and <i>smox</i> mutants exhibit more depolarized resting membrane potentials. (E) Relative transcript levels of the molecules potentially involved in regulating the resting membrane potential revealed by qRT-PCR assay. Error bars represent SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 from One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. ##p<0.01, ###p<0.001 from unpaired t-test. Each genotype was compared to wild-type. Additionally, <i>smox^f4</i> was also compared to <i>babo^fd4/df</i> in A′, C and D as indicated by lines.