KWV enhances neurogenesis but not astrocytogenesis during NSC differentiation.

<p>(A) Representative immunofluorescence images of NSCs differentiated for 4 days in the presence of DMSO or 0.5 μM KWV [TuJ1-positive neurons (a and b, green), GFAP-positive astrocytes (c and d, red), nuclei (blue)]. Scale bar, 50 μm. (B, C) Quantification of neurons or astrocytes. TuJ1 positive or GFAP expressing cells were counted and normalized to total cell number. All cell count data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). Bar graphs show the relative mRNA expression levels of <i>p21</i> (D) and <i>p27</i> (E). <i>Gapdh</i> was used as an internal control. Values were mean ± SD (n = 4). Statistical analysis of all data was performed using the Student’s <i>t</i>-test (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 vs. control).