Expression levels of (A,K) <i>phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase</i> (<i>PEPCK</i>), (B,L) <i>pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4</i> (<i>PDK4</i>), (C,M) <i>basic leucine zipper transcription factor</i> (<i>E4BP4</i>), (D,N) <i>albumin D-site-binding protein</i> (<i>Dbp</i>), (E,O) <i>peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α</i> (<i>PGC1α</i>), (F,P) <i>1β</i> (<i>PGC1β</i>), (G,Q) <i>the transcription factor reverse erythroblastosis virus α</i> (<i>Rev-erb α</i>) and (H,R) <i>β</i> (<i>Rev-erb β</i>) as well as (I,S) <i>peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α</i> (<i>PPARα</i>) and (J,T) <i>γ</i> (<i>PPARγ</i>) in the livers of 32 weeks old mice with insulin resistance (IR) undergoing rosiglitazone (Rosi) treatment (left panel) or mice at 48 weeks old with diabetes (DM) undergoing Rosi treatment (right panel).

<p>Values are presented as the mean ± SEM (6 animals for each time point). * <i>p</i><0.05 compared to mice injected with citrate buffer as the controls at the same time points. ^#<i>p</i><0.05 compared with the IR or DM group at the same time points. Open circle: the control group; filled triangle: IR or DM; reversed open triangle: IR or DM treated for two weeks with Rosi; filled square: IR or DM treated for two weeks with Rosi and PPARγ antagonist, GW9662; reversed filled triangle: IR or DM treated for two weeks with Rosi and PPARα antagonist, GW6471.