Essential function of CCNYL1 for male fertility and sperm motility.

<p>(A) Measurement of CCNYL1 or CCNY protein expression in testes of WT, <i>Ccnyl1</i>-/-, and <i>Ccny</i>-/- mice, with β-actin serving as loading control. (B) Male fertility of adult WT, <i>Ccnyl1</i>-/- and <i>Ccny</i>-/- mice (n ≥ 6 per group). Pregnancy was counted in mating cages with male WT, <i>Ccnyl1</i>-/-, or <i>Ccny</i>-/- mice. (C) Number of spermatozoa in male WT, <i>Ccnyl1</i>-/-, and <i>Ccny</i>-/- mice collected from the caput and cauda epididymidis (n ≥ 6 per group). (D) HE staining of testicular sections from adult WT and <i>Ccnyl1</i>-/- mice. Scale bar: 100μm. (E-G) The percentage of total and progressive motility (E), velocity (F) and the motility distribution (G) of spermatozoa were measured by CASA (n = 5 animals per group). (H) <i>In vitro</i> fertilization assay. Oocytes were incubated with cauda epididymidal spermatozoa collected from <i>WT</i> or <i>Ccnyl1-/-</i> mice. The development of the oocytes was monitored <i>in vitro</i>. Data in bar graphs are presented as mean ± SEM. *<i>P</i> < 0.05; **<i>P</i> < 0.01.