Final model describing the relationships among demographical variables, speech perception and vocabulary ability.

<p>Standardized path coefficients are presented at the midpoint of the unidirectional arrow paths (N = 115). Values noted besides the endogenous variables represent the percentage of variance accounted for each variable. The insignificant paths are shown in gray and their path coefficients are not presented. <i>e</i> represents the residuals in the prediction of endogenous factors from exogenous factors. Note: UNHS: universal newborn hearing screening, PTA: pre-implant hearing level, MEL: maternal education level.