Cytotoxicity of the CPV-VLPs-QDs and MPA-QDs in BHK-21(a), F81 (b), and Hela (c) cells.

<p>The relative cell viability (%) related to control wells containing cell culture medium without nanoparticles was calculated as [<i>A</i>]_sample /[<i>A</i>]_control × 100%, where [<i>A</i>]_Sample is the absorbance of the test sample and [A]_control is the absorbance of control sample. To determine 50% inhibitory concentration, namely, IC50, concentration—response curves were generated relative to the negative control. IC50 values were calculated from the non-linear regression analyses. In comparison with MPA-QDs, the encapsulated QDs, i.e., CPV-VLPs-QDs with low cytotoxicity (<b>d</b>), show that CPV-VLPs can be employed as safe delivery carriers. *p value<0.05, **p value<0.01.