<p>IAV was detected by RRT-PCR of the matrix gene from daily fecal samples. The Y-axis displays cycle threshold (CT) values as a quantitative measure of viral excretion. Samples with CT values ≥ 45 were considered negative. The X-axis displays which days of the experiment samples were collected from the Mallards. G1 = two birds in each of three experiments (n = 6), etc. G1 and G2 were OC exposed, G3 was OC exposed day 0–2, and G4 and G5 were unexposed. Value points display mean CT values of 6 samples and error bars display standard errors of the mean (SEM). No significant difference in excretion was detected between drug-exposed (G1 and G2 with resistant genotype NA-292K) and unexposed (G4 and G5 with wild type genotype NA-292R) birds day 1...
Values labelled with the same upper-case letter (A, B, C) were not significantly different (P > 0.05...
<p>(<b>A</b>) Cloacal shedding, (<b>B</b>) Oropharyngeal shedding. RRT-PCR was used to detect and qu...
<p>Birds were either primo-infected at six weeks of age (H5 groups) or re-infected at six weeks of a...
<p>Swabs were collected from directly inoculated (A-D, solid line) or in-contact (E-H, broken line) ...
<p>Comparisons between: oral samples on FTA™ cards, kidney tissue, and oral swab (American crows) an...
<p>Viral RNA shedding measured by RRT-PCR in swab samples (oropharyngeal and cloacal) at 1, 4, 7 and...
<p><sup>a</sup> Values marked with the same superscripts in the same column were not significantly d...
<p>Titres of replicating virus from fecal and oropharyngeal swab samples expressed as TCID<sub>50</s...
<p>The experiment was repeated three times with three H6N2/R292K resistant IAV variants, each consis...
<p>Swabs from ducks of group 3 (n = 10) were collected 1–15 day post inoculation (dpi) and at 17, 20...
<p><sup>a,b,c</sup> Values marked with the same superscripts in the same column were not significant...
<p>AIV RNA was detected and quantified by RRT-PCR in the water tanks housing orally-inoculated malla...
<p>A) Oropharyngeal swabs from low pathogenic avian influenza virus exposed birds (n = 8); B) Cloaca...
<p>A: captive-bred (n = 9), B: wild normal (n = 10), C: wild lean (n = 10), D: wild poor (n = 6).</p
<p><sup>1</sup>Mean fold difference between infected and mock-infected birds at each time-point (n =...
Values labelled with the same upper-case letter (A, B, C) were not significantly different (P > 0.05...
<p>(<b>A</b>) Cloacal shedding, (<b>B</b>) Oropharyngeal shedding. RRT-PCR was used to detect and qu...
<p>Birds were either primo-infected at six weeks of age (H5 groups) or re-infected at six weeks of a...
<p>Swabs were collected from directly inoculated (A-D, solid line) or in-contact (E-H, broken line) ...
<p>Comparisons between: oral samples on FTA™ cards, kidney tissue, and oral swab (American crows) an...
<p>Viral RNA shedding measured by RRT-PCR in swab samples (oropharyngeal and cloacal) at 1, 4, 7 and...
<p><sup>a</sup> Values marked with the same superscripts in the same column were not significantly d...
<p>Titres of replicating virus from fecal and oropharyngeal swab samples expressed as TCID<sub>50</s...
<p>The experiment was repeated three times with three H6N2/R292K resistant IAV variants, each consis...
<p>Swabs from ducks of group 3 (n = 10) were collected 1–15 day post inoculation (dpi) and at 17, 20...
<p><sup>a,b,c</sup> Values marked with the same superscripts in the same column were not significant...
<p>AIV RNA was detected and quantified by RRT-PCR in the water tanks housing orally-inoculated malla...
<p>A) Oropharyngeal swabs from low pathogenic avian influenza virus exposed birds (n = 8); B) Cloaca...
<p>A: captive-bred (n = 9), B: wild normal (n = 10), C: wild lean (n = 10), D: wild poor (n = 6).</p
<p><sup>1</sup>Mean fold difference between infected and mock-infected birds at each time-point (n =...
Values labelled with the same upper-case letter (A, B, C) were not significantly different (P > 0.05...
<p>(<b>A</b>) Cloacal shedding, (<b>B</b>) Oropharyngeal shedding. RRT-PCR was used to detect and qu...
<p>Birds were either primo-infected at six weeks of age (H5 groups) or re-infected at six weeks of a...