Additional file 9: of Gene loss, adaptive evolution and the co-evolution of plumage coloration genes with opsins in birds

Co-evolution between opsins and the melanin-based plumage coloration genes in birds. Association tests were implemented using the ω-lineage classified in three categories: accelerated, conserved and neutral. The association between two genes was measured using the proportion of lineages showing the same evolutionary behavior and considering the alternative hypothesis p > 6/16. Values in the table correspond to the Pearson's χ2 test statistic and the sample proportions (in brackets). Significant (p-value < 8.4 x 10−4) and strong (p-value < 0.05) associations are indicated in red-bold and bold, respectively. (PDF 92 kb