Qualitative and quantitative analysis of biofilm formation in YESCA broth at 28°C.

<p><b>(A)</b> Single row of a microtiter plate showing the relative intensity of crystal violet-stained biofilms produced in the wells inoculated with the Parent (1), Δ<i>hha</i> (2), Δ<i>hha</i> Δ<i>csgA</i> (3), <i>csgA</i>⁺/Δ<i>hha</i> Δ<i>csgA</i> (4), Δ<i>hha</i> Δ<i>espA</i> (5), <i>espA</i>⁺/Δ<i>hha</i> Δ<i>espA</i> (6), Δ<i>hha</i> Δ<i>csgA</i> Δ<i>espA</i> (7), <i>espA</i>⁺/Δ<i>hha</i> Δ<i>csgA</i> Δ<i>espA</i> (8), <i>csgA</i>⁺/Δ<i>hha</i> Δ<i>csgA</i> Δ<i>espA</i> (9) mutant strains. The last well in the row represents the uninoculated growth medium. <b>(B)</b> Bar graph of the amount of biofilms produced by each of the nine strains listed on the X-axis. Bars represent the means of three independent assays and error bars represent standard deviation of 2. The * above the bars indicates <i>p</i> < 0.05 when biofilm formation in the mutant strains was compared to the parental strain. <b>(C)</b> Color photograph of the bacterial growth produced after 48 h of growth at 28°C on YESCA agar containing Congo red. The numbers 1–9 correspond to strains listed in the same order as in Fig 3A.