SAA induces apoptosis in HSCs after NF-κB inhibition.

<p>Activated rat HSCs were infected with adenoviruses expressing either GFP or IκBsr. 24 hours later, HSCs were treated with rhSAA (5 μM). <b>A.</b> After 18h or treatment, cell death was determined by LDH activity assay. <b>B.</b> Caspase 3 and PARP cleavage were determined by western blot analysis after 8 hours of rmSAA1 treatment. <b>C.</b> After 8 hours of rhSAA treatment, cells were stained with Annexin V (green) and propidium iodide (PI, red) to visualize apoptosis and necrosis. <b>D.</b> Primary mouse hepatocytes were serum-starved for 12h and treated with rmSAA (5 μM), ActD (0.2 μg/ml) or rmTNFα (30 ng/ml) for 18. Cell death was determined by LDH activity assay (*p<0.05 vs. untreated vehicle control). <b>E.</b> Primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with rmSAA (5 μM) for the indicated times and rmTNFα (30 ng/ml) for 120 min. Phosphorylation of Erk, Akt, p65 and c-Jun was determined by western blot analysis.