<p>Empirical indifference points obtained in cognitive (left panel) and physical (right panel) effort discounting, with curves fitted corresponding to the one-parameter exponential model in three different reward magnitudes.</p
<div><p>(A–C) The predicted indifference lines are shown that minimize (A) the integrated force <i>(...
<p>Individual rows report mean, standard errors, and number of participants for each variable, separ...
<p>Scatter Plots of Predicted and Observed Indifference Points for Each Model in each SA and NC Grou...
The effort required to obtain a rewarding outcome is an important factor in decision-making. Describ...
<p><b>A</b>, Offered stimuli and choices from Experiment 2 are shown for the participants with the s...
Mean and individual indifference points of participants who passed at least three of four attention ...
<p>Indifference points mark the subjective value at each interval between soon/small and late/large ...
<p>Individual rows report mean, standard errors, minimum and maximum values, and number of participa...
<p>The winning model indicated that cognitive valuation was best fitted by a hyperbolic function and...
<p>Mean (±SEM) indifference points on the delay-discounting task (DDT) as a function of delay to the...
Mean and individual indifference points of participants, including all participants. Panel A depicts...
<div><p>(A) Example of a subject's reward choice as a function of delays. At each trial, the subject...
Effort discounting refers to the decrease in the subjective value of a reward as the effort required...
<p>Need for Cognition as predicted by Area Under the Curve of subjective value for levels <i>N</i> =...
<p>Area under the curves: for effort, averaged across $1 and $5 offers, levels <i>N</i> = 2–4; for d...
<div><p>(A–C) The predicted indifference lines are shown that minimize (A) the integrated force <i>(...
<p>Individual rows report mean, standard errors, and number of participants for each variable, separ...
<p>Scatter Plots of Predicted and Observed Indifference Points for Each Model in each SA and NC Grou...
The effort required to obtain a rewarding outcome is an important factor in decision-making. Describ...
<p><b>A</b>, Offered stimuli and choices from Experiment 2 are shown for the participants with the s...
Mean and individual indifference points of participants who passed at least three of four attention ...
<p>Indifference points mark the subjective value at each interval between soon/small and late/large ...
<p>Individual rows report mean, standard errors, minimum and maximum values, and number of participa...
<p>The winning model indicated that cognitive valuation was best fitted by a hyperbolic function and...
<p>Mean (±SEM) indifference points on the delay-discounting task (DDT) as a function of delay to the...
Mean and individual indifference points of participants, including all participants. Panel A depicts...
<div><p>(A) Example of a subject's reward choice as a function of delays. At each trial, the subject...
Effort discounting refers to the decrease in the subjective value of a reward as the effort required...
<p>Need for Cognition as predicted by Area Under the Curve of subjective value for levels <i>N</i> =...
<p>Area under the curves: for effort, averaged across $1 and $5 offers, levels <i>N</i> = 2–4; for d...
<div><p>(A–C) The predicted indifference lines are shown that minimize (A) the integrated force <i>(...
<p>Individual rows report mean, standard errors, and number of participants for each variable, separ...
<p>Scatter Plots of Predicted and Observed Indifference Points for Each Model in each SA and NC Grou...