International conference ICAWA 2016 : extended book of abstract : the AWA project : ecosystem approach to the management of fisheries and the marine environment in West African waters

Worldwide, most wild capture fisheries are above the maximum sustainable yield expected to predict the collapse of current rates in a few decades. This situation positions Aquaculture as a credible alternative to meet the world population's estimated fish needs of about 8.5 billion people in 2020, of which 1.1 billion in Africa, for needs of the order of 40 Millions of tons by 2030. In Senegal, the fisheries sub-sector has always been an essential component of the country's economic and social development. It is a sector of employment and a provider of food security. It contributes on average to 2% of GDP and brings 70% of the proteins of animal origin. However, over the past few years, fisheries have experienced unprecedented crises, the main consequence of which is the reduction in the catch and the reduction in the catch potential of certain fish stocks, including those of coastal demersals in Senegal. Depending on the global and regional trend, Senegal considered Aquaculture as an alternative to maintain at least the supply of fish products, or even increase it in response to growing national demand and ensure the food and nutritional security of animal proteins of aquatic origin in the medium and long term. This orientation is clearly displayed in the Emergent Senegal Plan (PSE), a unique repository for economic and social development policy. Indeed, the PSE has identified Aquaculture as one of the 27 flagship projects leading to the structural transformation of the Senegalese economy. Within this framework, the ambition is to produce 50 000 tons of fish by 2023. This ambition to develop Aquaculture in the PSE has always been clearly defined in the development policies of the country, causing the creation of the National Agency for Aquaculture (ANA) which is in charge of the promotion and development of Aquaculture. In carrying out the mission, several technical and technological models have been developed across the country; in view of the enormous biophysical potential of the country. The advantages and disadvantages of these different models will be presented at this symposium. In addition, the business model or economic model used in Senegal as part of the accompaniment of aquaculture developers to assess the profitability of the activity will be presented. This model will be compared with the different economic models applicable to this subsector. Emphasis will also be placed on the advantages and limitations of these models drawn from practical experiences in the country. Recommendations on the different economic and technical models will be formulated in order to improve the existing models for the harmonious development of Aquaculture in Senegal