Current issues of safety education and competencies for 21st century

子どもたちを取り巻く多様なリスクとそれへの不安の拡大から、安全教育の充実の必要性が指摘されている。本稿では、教育効果、安全教育の構造、学校文化という三つの視点から現在の安全教育の課題を指摘する。教育効果については、主体的な思考力を養う教育方法が十分に採られていないこと、また一見採用されている場合でも十分生かし切れていないことを指摘した。構造上の課題においては、安全指導と安全学習の概念が未整理のため、基礎的な学習と実践的な意志決定や行動が一体的に養われない可能性を指摘した。学校文化については、学校教育におけるリスク意識の鈍さと学校文化とリスクの持つ特性の齟齬を指摘した。解決の方向性として、リスクへの対応能力の構造を議論した後、それを育成するための学習の在り方やその構成を素描した。また、リスク概念を受容することで安全教育が充実するとともに、21世紀型能力育成の場の要件となる学校文化が育つ可能性を指摘した。Enlarged anxiety for various risks surrounding children demands improvement of safety education at school. In this article, current issues of safety education at school were discussed from view points of, education effect, structure of safety education, and school culture. As to education effect, education methods which enhance thinking faculty have been utilized inadequately, or education effect has not been ensured even when appropriate methods were used. As to the structure, because of unorganized concepts of safety learning and safety guidance, possibility that basic learning of safety education does not necessarily lead to practical decision making and actions for safety was pointed out. As to school culture, insensitiveness to risk among education system and discrepancy between school culture and characteristics of risk has been pointed out. Finally, after discussing necessary faculties for managing risks, desirable ways to conduct safety education and its structure were sketched. Acceptance of risk concept might lead to improvement of safety education as well as enhance school culture that raises the competencies for 21st century