Nanowires (NWs) are wire-like nanoscale structures that hold promise for next generation electronic and optoelectronic applications, such as light emitting diodes and solar cells. The small dimensions of the NWs cause optical phenomena that can be utilized in these applications. This thesis presents the results of the optical studies of NWs with controlled dimensions and positions and how to engineer the response of light in NWs to increase the efficiency of optoelectronical applications. Selective-area epitaxy was used to fabricate NWs with controlled dimensions and positions for the optical studies. Reflectance and cross-polarization spectroscopy were used to study the response of light from NW arrays. Reflectance revealed that the ligh...