Nondestructive Analysis of the Glass Artifacts of the Han Dynasties Excavated from Guangzhou

采用便携式能量色散型X射线荧光光谱仪,对广州出土西汉早期至东汉的46件玻璃单色珠、耳珰等器物的化学成分进行了系统分析,探讨了表面风化对化学成分定量分析的影响。结果表明:这些汉代玻璃可以划分为PbO-BaO-SiO_2、PbO-SiO_2、K2O-SiO_2、Na_2O-CaO-SiO_2等成分体系,其中,Na2O-CaO-SiO_2玻璃是首次在广州东汉墓中得以发现。依据CaO、Al_2O_3含量,并结合微量元素Rb和Sr的比例,对所占比例最高的钾硅酸盐玻璃进行了亚类划分。另外,对部分样品采用激光Raman光谱进行了分析,检测到了Cu_2O和PbSnO_3两种化合物着色剂/乳浊剂。结合考古学研究资料,推断这些玻璃器来源于中国、南亚、东南亚、西亚等不同地区。In this paper, the chemical compositions of 46 ancient glass samples such as monochrome beads and ear pendants were analyzed using a portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. These glass artefacts, which were all unearthed from Guangzhou, Guangdong province, were dated from early Western Han Dynasty to the Eastern Han Dynasty. The effect of surface weathering on the quantitative analysis was discussed. It was found that these glass artefacts of the Han Dynasties could be divided into PbO-BaO-SiO_2, PbO-SiO_2, K2O-SiO_2 and Na_2O-CaO-SiO_2 glass systems. Among them, the Na_2O-CaO-SiO_2 glasses were first determined in the tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Based on the contents of CaO, Al_2O_3 and weight ratio of trace elements Rb to Sr, the potash glasses, which took the greatest ratio of those glasses analyzed, were further classified into some sub-types. In addition, some of the glass samples were analyzed using a laser Raman spectrometer. Crystalline Cu_2O and PbSnO_3, which were used as colorants and opacifiers, were identified. Referred to the archaeological research results, these ancient glasses could be considered to be from China, South & Southeast Asia and West Asia