PIXE analysis of Western Han dynasty ancient glasses unearthed in Yangzhou city

化学成分分析是中国古代玻璃研究中的一个重要方面，可以为研究中国古代玻璃的起源和技术发展等提供科学的依据，有必要发展新的测试方法。质子激发X荧光（PIXE）技术是一种高灵敏度、非破坏性、多元素定量测定的分析方法。采用PIXE技校对扬州西汉墓出土的玻璃衣片进行了定量分析。结果表明：这些玻璃属中国自创的PbO-BaO-SiO_2系玻璃；衣片由中心玻璃层和厚度不等的表面腐蚀层组成；腐蚀层比玻璃层含有相对较高的确良PbO、P_2O_5和CaO，而BaO和SiO_2的含量则比玻璃层大大降低。对实验结果进行了讨论。Chemical composition analysis is one of the most important research aspects to provide scientific proof for the technical origin and development of Chinese ancient glass. Proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) technique is a kind of multi-element quantitative analysis method with high sensitivity and without destruction of samples. Chemical composition of the Western Han dynasty glass garment flakes, which were excavated from Yangzhou city, was analyzed by PIXE, quantitatively. It was found that these glass flakes were attributed to PbO-BaO-SiO_2 glass originated in China. These flakes all consist of a glass core and a corroded outer layer with different thickness. There are relatively higher PbO, P_2O_5 and CaO, while much lower BaO and SiO_2 in the corroded layers than in the glass cores. The experimental results were discussed