Basic analysis of the urban and architectural development of Vukovar; Compendium of research to date

U sklopu prikaza urbanog razvoja Vukovara uvodno su definirani temeljni utjecajni činitelji nastanka i razvoja naselja na tlu današnjega grada (položaj, prirodni habitus, antropogene odrednice). Daljnom morfološkom analizom izdvojene su tri strukturno diferentne gradske cjeline što su nastale u različitim povijesnim okolnostima (Stari i Novi Vukovar, Borovo naselje). Prema preliminarno postavljenoj periodizaciji, prostorni razvoj grada može se pratiti kroz deset osnovnih razdoblja. Iz bogatoga naseobinskog supstrata kao potencijalno najzanimljiviji sloj za buduća se istraživanja predlaže skupina prapovijesnIh staništa kojih je na relativno malom području grada indicirano tridesetak. Istražujući probleme naseobinskog kontinuiteta, utvrđeno je da je još od ranog neolitika, tijekom 7000 godina življenja na tlu Vukovara, prekid u stacionarnom naseljavanju bio moguć samo za rimske vladavine i u doba seobe naroda (1-8.st.). Kronološke granice promatranih perioda vežu se uz markantne povijesno političke promjene (npr. doba osmanske vladavine, 1526-1687), a u mikroperiodizaciji su relevantne i lokalne pojave stilova te godine većih regulatornih zahvata (klasicistička obnova grada kao posljedica velike kuge 1796. i požara 1822). Zbog radikalnih pregradnji koje su uslijedile nakon teškog razaranja grada u vrijeme turskog rasapa (1687), najstarija skupina spomenika što ju je na terenu danas moguće identificirati pripada baroknome građevnom korpusu (najstariji očuvani objekt u Vukovaru potječe iz 1722). Stoga je sve do ovog rata u slici grada bio dominantno prisutan upravo duh baroknoga graditeljstva. I po brojnosti i po kvaliteti očuvane arhitekture to je najvredniji stliski sloj povijesnog Vukovara. U novim dijelovima grada kao vrlo kvalitetna realizacija ističe se kompleks satelitskoga industrijskog naselja Bata-ville u Borovu.This presentation of Vukovar\u27s urban development begins with a definition of the basic factors that influenced the origin and development of a settlement on the site of today\u27s town (position, natural environment, human elements). Further morphological analysis singles out three structurally different town entities that had been developed under different historic circumstances (Old and New Vukovar, Borovo naselje). Preliminary periodization divided the town\u27s development into ten basic periods. A group of about thirty prehistoric settlements on the relatively small town area is proposed as potentially the most interesting stratum for future research. People have lived in the area of Vukovar for 7000 years, from the early Neolithic, with possible interruptions in stationary settlement only during Roman rule and at the time of the migration of peoples (1st-8th century). Periods are chronologically bounded by important historical and political events (e.g. the time of Turkish occupation, 1526-1687), and on the level of microperiodization bythe local appearance of architectural styles and by years when greater changes were made in the town (classicist renewal of the town after the great plague epidemic in 1796 and the fire in 1822). The Turks with drew from the town in 1687 leaving it in ruins. After that it was rebuilt, so the oldest architectural monuments, still standing, belong to the baroque period (the oldest building in Vukovar is from 1722). Vukovar was thus a town in which the baroque spirit prevailed before this war. In number of buildings and their beauty, this was the most important style of historic Vukovar. Outstanding among newer parts of the town is the very fine industrial suburb of Bata-ville in Borovo