Governance of fishing territories and politicsof the marine protected areas in Senegal: the migrant fishermen of Saint Louis in front of the local mobilizations dynamics to Cayar

Since a few decades, the Senegalese small-scale fishing knows important upheavals which mortgage its dynamism. The increase of fishermen's staff, the evolution of the techniques of fishing, the degradation of marine ecosystems are so many blocking factors that the fishing management policies have to consider to check on the decline of the halieutic resources and guarantee the durability of the activities for coastal populations in Senegal. In 2004, the Government proceeded to create five marine protected areas (MPA) throughout the littoral to bring an answer to the problem of management of fisheries. The MPA appear as a tool of preservation and development and fit into territories of fishing strongly suited by communities in presence. Among these, the community of the migrant fishermen the Guet- ndariens, of the north Senegalese quotation, sees their spaces being transformed in front of this new policy of the Government. But also in front of strategies of control which try to set up the autochthonous populations to counter in their strong activity of fishing. So, we attend a competition pushed on the resource on the background of latent conflicts. But also a transformation of the strategies of the various actors in their perceptions of the space of the identical, historic and functional point of vie