International audiencePrehistoric refuges and oases are intrinsically defined and understood as local exceptions to a regional inhospitable environment. In arid lands, a part of this discrepancy is a consequence of natural factors, environmental and/or palaeoenvironmental, which renderedcertainplaces more hospitable for human activities than their surroundings such asmore favourable climatic contexts, the offset ofaridification by groundwater resources linked to hydrogeological settings, exogenous resources, etc. Prehistoric refuges and oases are thus specific environments which are very different from their surrounding regions and which played a role in the concentration of human activities. This implies a juxtaposition between two very di...