International audienceThis article investigates the methods used for producing the first national revenues in French West Africa during the 1950s, their significance today and the controversial usages which they have led to. The article demonstrates that these figures, highly uncertain in terms of how they were calculated and conceived, were nevertheless rapidly used by different actors to different ends, be it for colonial policy or for comparing international levels of development.Cet article interroge les modalités concrètes de production des premiers revenus nationaux en Afrique occidentale française dans les années 1950, leur signification pour les contemporains et les usages antagoniques auxquels ils ont donné lieu. Il montre que ces chif...