International audienceHorses have long been an essential component of the identity of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula. Nevertheless, neither the date of its introduction in the Peninsula nor the origins of the Arabian breed can be agreed upon. What is more, many questions remain unanswered regarding the role played by horses in the Arabian Peninsula and beyond after the advent of Islam. These gaps in our current knowledge stimulate the discussion; yet they also bear the risk of shifting from a scientific discourse to an ideological one, particularly in such a region as the Arabian Peninsula. This was especially the case with the recent discovery of equid statues on the Neolithic site of al-Maqar in Saudi Arabia, which was premature...