There is a shortage of locally produced high quality protein concentrates in Europe and Sweden. Local production would decrease the dependency on imported soybean and meet the demand for organically grown feedstuff from ecological dairy farmers. Field bean (Vicia faba), peas (Pisum sativum) and sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) are good alternatives to soybean, but contain anti-nutritional substances (ANS) that could reduce their use as protein concentrates in dairy cow diets. The aim of this literature study was to review which ANS field bean, peas and sweet lupin contain and whether they affect dairy cows negatively. Trypsin inhibitors and Chymotrypsin inhibitors (TI) were present in all three crops. TI could become inactivated and degr...